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Beschreibung:
Regulator of histone methyltransferase complexes that plays an essential role in embryonic development, including heart and liver development, neural tube fusion process and hematopoiesis. Acts by modulating histone methyltransferase activity and promoting the recruitment of histone methyltransferase complexes to their target genes. Binds DNA and mediates the recruitment of the PRC2 complex to target genes in embryonic stem cells. Does not have histone demethylase activity but regulates activity of various histone methyltransferase complexes. In embryonic stem cells, it associates with the PRC2 complex and inhibits trimethylation of 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me3) by the PRC2 complex, thereby playing a key role in differentiation of embryonic stem cells and normal development. In cardiac cells, it is required to repress expression of cyclin-D1 (CCND1) by activating methylation of 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me) by the GLP1/EHMT1 and G9a/EHMT2 histone methyltransferases. Also acts as a transcriptional repressor of ANF via its interaction with GATA4 and NKX2-5. Participates in the negative regulation of cell proliferation Signalling.
Beschreibung:
Regulator of histone methyltransferase complexes that plays an essential role in embryonic development, including heart and liver development, neural tube fusion process and hematopoiesis. Acts by modulating histone methyltransferase activity and promoting the recruitment of histone methyltransferase complexes to their target genes. Binds DNA and mediates the recruitment of the PRC2 complex to target genes in embryonic stem cells. Does not have histone demethylase activity but regulates activity of various histone methyltransferase complexes. In embryonic stem cells, it associates with the PRC2 complex and inhibits trimethylation of 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me3) by the PRC2 complex, thereby playing a key role in differentiation of embryonic stem cells and normal development. In cardiac cells, it is required to repress expression of cyclin-D1 (CCND1) by activating methylation of 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me) by the GLP1/EHMT1 and G9a/EHMT2 histone methyltransferases. Also acts as a transcriptional repressor of ANF via its interaction with GATA4 and NKX2-5. Participates in the negative regulation of cell proliferation Signalling.
Beschreibung:
Functions as a polyspecific organic cation transporter, efficiently transporting many organic cations such as monoamine neurotransmitters 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and biogenic amines including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. May play a role in regulating central nervous system homeostasis of monoamine neurotransmitters. May be involved in luminal transport of organic cations in the kidney and seems to use luminal proton gradient to drive organic cation reabsorption. Does not seem to transport nucleoside and nucleoside analogs such as uridine, cytidine, thymidine, adenosine, inosine, guanosine, and azidothymidine. In (PubMed:16873718) adenosine is efficiently transported but in a fashion highly sensitive to extracellular pH, with maximal activity in the pH range 5.5 to 6.5. Glu-206 is essential for the cation selectivity and may function as the charge sensor for cationic substrates. Transport is chloride and sodium-independent but appears to be sensitive to changes in membrane potential. Weakly inhibited by the classical inhibitors of equilibrative nucleoside transport, dipyridamole, dilazep, and nitrobenzylthioinosine. May play a role in the regulation of extracellular adenosine concentrations in cardiac tissues, in particular during ischemia.
Beschreibung:
Functions as a polyspecific organic cation transporter, efficiently transporting many organic cations such as monoamine neurotransmitters 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and biogenic amines including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. May play a role in regulating central nervous system homeostasis of monoamine neurotransmitters. May be involved in luminal transport of organic cations in the kidney and seems to use luminal proton gradient to drive organic cation reabsorption. Does not seem to transport nucleoside and nucleoside analogs such as uridine, cytidine, thymidine, adenosine, inosine, guanosine, and azidothymidine. In (PubMed:16873718) adenosine is efficiently transported but in a fashion highly sensitive to extracellular pH, with maximal activity in the pH range 5.5 to 6.5. Glu-206 is essential for the cation selectivity and may function as the charge sensor for cationic substrates. Transport is chloride and sodium-independent but appears to be sensitive to changes in membrane potential. Weakly inhibited by the classical inhibitors of equilibrative nucleoside transport, dipyridamole, dilazep, and nitrobenzylthioinosine. May play a role in the regulation of extracellular adenosine concentrations in cardiac tissues, in particular during ischemia.
Beschreibung:
Functions as a polyspecific organic cation transporter, efficiently transporting many organic cations such as monoamine neurotransmitters 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and biogenic amines including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. May play a role in regulating central nervous system homeostasis of monoamine neurotransmitters. May be involved in luminal transport of organic cations in the kidney and seems to use luminal proton gradient to drive organic cation reabsorption. Does not seem to transport nucleoside and nucleoside analogs such as uridine, cytidine, thymidine, adenosine, inosine, guanosine, and azidothymidine. In (PubMed:16873718) adenosine is efficiently transported but in a fashion highly sensitive to extracellular pH, with maximal activity in the pH range 5.5 to 6.5. Glu-206 is essential for the cation selectivity and may function as the charge sensor for cationic substrates. Transport is chloride and sodium-independent but appears to be sensitive to changes in membrane potential. Weakly inhibited by the classical inhibitors of equilibrative nucleoside transport, dipyridamole, dilazep, and nitrobenzylthioinosine. May play a role in the regulation of extracellular adenosine concentrations in cardiac tissues, in particular during ischemia.
Beschreibung:
The brain-specific STEP (striatal enriched phosphatase) family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) comprises both transmembrane and cytosolic protein members which are the products of alternative splicing. STEP family members are expressed in the dopaminoceptive neurons of the CNS, with highest expression in the basal ganglia and related structures. The STEP protein regulates the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) complex; STEP depresses both NMDAR single-channel activity and synaptic currents. The membrane-associated STEP61 isoform localizes in the postsynaptic densities (PSDs) of striatal neurons. STEP61 contains a single tyrosine phosphatase domain, two proline-rich domains and two transmembrane domains. The STEP61 protein associates with the Src family kinase member Fyn when Fyn is phosphorylated at Tyr-420 and not Tyr-431. Upon association, STEP61 dephosphorylates Tyr-420 residue and may thus regulate Fyn activity in PSDs. Isolated from mouse brain, the STEP20 isoform lacks the conserved tyrosine phosphatase domain. The human STEP gene maps to chromosome 11p15.2-p15.1.
Beschreibung:
The brain-specific STEP (striatal enriched phosphatase) family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) comprises both transmembrane and cytosolic protein members which are the products of alternative splicing. STEP family members are expressed in the dopaminoceptive neurons of the CNS, with highest expression in the basal ganglia and related structures. The STEP protein regulates the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) complex; STEP depresses both NMDAR single-channel activity and synaptic currents. The membrane-associated STEP61 isoform localizes in the postsynaptic densities (PSDs) of striatal neurons. STEP61 contains a single tyrosine phosphatase domain, two proline-rich domains and two transmembrane domains. The STEP61 protein associates with the Src family kinase member Fyn when Fyn is phosphorylated at Tyr-420 and not Tyr-431. Upon association, STEP61 dephosphorylates Tyr-420 residue and may thus regulate Fyn activity in PSDs. Isolated from mouse brain, the STEP20 isoform lacks the conserved tyrosine phosphatase domain. The human STEP gene maps to chromosome 11p15.2-p15.1.
Beschreibung:
The brain-specific STEP (striatal enriched phosphatase) family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) comprises both transmembrane and cytosolic protein members which are the products of alternative splicing. STEP family members are expressed in the dopaminoceptive neurons of the CNS, with highest expression in the basal ganglia and related structures. The STEP protein regulates the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) complex; STEP depresses both NMDAR single-channel activity and synaptic currents. The membrane-associated STEP61 isoform localizes in the postsynaptic densities (PSDs) of striatal neurons. STEP61 contains a single tyrosine phosphatase domain, two proline-rich domains and two transmembrane domains. The STEP61 protein associates with the Src family kinase member Fyn when Fyn is phosphorylated at Tyr-420 and not Tyr-431. Upon association, STEP61 dephosphorylates Tyr-420 residue and may thus regulate Fyn activity in PSDs. Isolated from mouse brain, the STEP20 isoform lacks the conserved tyrosine phosphatase domain. The human STEP gene maps to chromosome 11p15.2-p15.1.
Beschreibung:
The brain-specific STEP (striatal enriched phosphatase) family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) comprises both transmembrane and cytosolic protein members which are the products of alternative splicing. STEP family members are expressed in the dopaminoceptive neurons of the CNS, with highest expression in the basal ganglia and related structures. The STEP protein regulates the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) complex; STEP depresses both NMDAR single-channel activity and synaptic currents. The membrane-associated STEP61 isoform localizes in the postsynaptic densities (PSDs) of striatal neurons. STEP61 contains a single tyrosine phosphatase domain, two proline-rich domains and two transmembrane domains. The STEP61 protein associates with the Src family kinase member Fyn when Fyn is phosphorylated at Tyr-420 and not Tyr-431. Upon association, STEP61 dephosphorylates Tyr-420 residue and may thus regulate Fyn activity in PSDs. Isolated from mouse brain, the STEP20 isoform lacks the conserved tyrosine phosphatase domain. The human STEP gene maps to chromosome 11p15.2-p15.1.
Beschreibung:
The brain-specific STEP (striatal enriched phosphatase) family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) comprises both transmembrane and cytosolic protein members which are the products of alternative splicing. STEP family members are expressed in the dopaminoceptive neurons of the CNS, with highest expression in the basal ganglia and related structures. The STEP protein regulates the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) complex; STEP depresses both NMDAR single-channel activity and synaptic currents. The membrane-associated STEP61 isoform localizes in the postsynaptic densities (PSDs) of striatal neurons. STEP61 contains a single tyrosine phosphatase domain, two proline-rich domains and two transmembrane domains. The STEP61 protein associates with the Src family kinase member Fyn when Fyn is phosphorylated at Tyr-420 and not Tyr-431. Upon association, STEP61 dephosphorylates Tyr-420 residue and may thus regulate Fyn activity in PSDs. Isolated from mouse brain, the STEP20 isoform lacks the conserved tyrosine phosphatase domain. The human STEP gene maps to chromosome 11p15.2-p15.1.
Beschreibung:
Hydrolase that deubiquitinates target proteins such as FOXO4, p53/TP53, MDM2, ERCC6, DNMT1, UHRF1, PTEN and DAXX. Together with DAXX, prevents MDM2 self-ubiquitination and enhances the E3 ligase activity of MDM2 towards p53/TP53, thereby promoting p53/TP53 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Deubiquitinates p53/TP53 and MDM2 and strongly stabilises p53/TP53 even in the presence of excess MDM2, and also induces p53/TP53-dependent cell growth repression and apoptosis. Deubiquitination of FOXO4 in presence of hydrogen peroxide is not dependent on p53/TP53 and inhibits FOXO4-induced transcriptional activity. In association with DAXX, is involved in the deubiquitination and translocation of PTEN from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, both processes that are counteracted by PML. Involved in cell proliferation during early embryonic development. Involved in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) in response to UV damage: recruited to DNA damage sites following interaction with KIAA1530/UVSSA and promotes deubiquitination of ERCC6, preventing UV-induced degradation of ERCC6. Contributes to the overall stabilisation and trans-activation capability of the herpesvirus 1 trans-acting transcriptional protein ICP0/VMW110 during HSV-1 infection. Involved in maintenance of DNA methylation via its interaction with UHRF1 and DNMT1: acts by mediating deubiquitination of UHRF1 and DNMT1, preventing their degradation and promoting DNA methylation by DNMT1. Exhibits a preference towards 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitin chains. Increases regulatory T-cells (Treg) suppressive capacity by deubiquitinating and stabilising the transcription factor FOXP3 which is crucial for Treg cell function (PubMed:23973222).
Beschreibung:
Hydrolase that deubiquitinates target proteins such as FOXO4, p53/TP53, MDM2, ERCC6, DNMT1, UHRF1, PTEN and DAXX. Together with DAXX, prevents MDM2 self-ubiquitination and enhances the E3 ligase activity of MDM2 towards p53/TP53, thereby promoting p53/TP53 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Deubiquitinates p53/TP53 and MDM2 and strongly stabilizes p53/TP53 even in the presence of excess MDM2, and also induces p53/TP53-dependent cell growth repression and apoptosis. Deubiquitination of FOXO4 in presence of hydrogen peroxide is not dependent on p53/TP53 and inhibits FOXO4-induced transcriptional activity. In association with DAXX, is involved in the deubiquitination and translocation of PTEN from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, both processes that are counteracted by PML. Involved in cell proliferation during early embryonic development. Involved in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) in response to UV damage: recruited to DNA damage sites following interaction with KIAA1530/UVSSA and promotes deubiquitination of ERCC6, preventing UV-induced degradation of ERCC6. Contributes to the overall stabilization and trans-activation capability of the herpesvirus 1 trans-acting transcriptional protein ICP0/VMW110 during HSV-1 infection. Involved in maintenance of DNA methylation via its interaction with UHRF1 and DNMT1: acts by mediating deubiquitination of UHRF1 and DNMT1, preventing their degradation and promoting DNA methylation by DNMT1. Exhibits a preference towards 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitin chains. Increases regulatory T-cells (Treg) suppressive capacity by deubiquitinating and stabilizing the transcription factor FOXP3 which is crucial for Treg cell function (PubMed:23973222).
Beschreibung:
The brain-specific STEP (striatal enriched phosphatase) family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) comprises both transmembrane and cytosolic protein members which are the products of alternative splicing. STEP family members are expressed in the dopaminoceptive neurons of the CNS, with highest expression in the basal ganglia and related structures. The STEP protein regulates the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) complex; STEP depresses both NMDAR single-channel activity and synaptic currents. The membrane-associated STEP61 isoform localizes in the postsynaptic densities (PSDs) of striatal neurons. STEP61 contains a single tyrosine phosphatase domain, two proline-rich domains and two transmembrane domains. The STEP61 protein associates with the Src family kinase member Fyn when Fyn is phosphorylated at Tyr-420 and not Tyr-431. Upon association, STEP61 dephosphorylates Tyr-420 residue and may thus regulate Fyn activity in PSDs. Isolated from mouse brain, the STEP20 isoform lacks the conserved tyrosine phosphatase domain. The human STEP gene maps to chromosome 11p15.2-p15.1.